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PC-98 – Window Accelerators

Thanks to the complexity of Kanji characters, early Japanese 'DOS' machines needed high-resolution text displays. This requirement resulted in the PC-98's 640x400 standard console mode. The video cards to run this were purposely-built and were never really meant to run Windows.

Due to these limitations, companies started coming out with "Window Accelerators" which provided a secondary video device, of which could produce much higher resolutions at higher colour depths. I happened to get my hands on an IO-DATA GA-1280A-2, capable of 1280x1024 @ 256 colours.

Being a secondary video device, these cards require a passthrough cable from the primary machine video output to their 'input' port. When the machine is displaying standard PC-98 graphics, accelerators will route this output straight to the monitor. Once the card is initialised, you'll hear the internal relays 'click' and video will be displayed from the card's internal ram buffer, which specific software is now sending the graphical data to.

Unfortuantely, my specimen came as-is with no cable... so a trip was made to Jaycar for a male and female set of ribbon-crimp IDC 15-pin plugs.

The card was mounted in the machine and the wiring was hooked up...

With no drivers, the card will just pass the standard video through. This is what happened until I installed the drivers for DOS and Windows 3.1. And then? Reboot... a beautiful "CLICK" from the relay on the card and...

Windows 3.1 at a ridiculous resolution.

Does it play Doom?

By default, a PC-9801 can't play doom with it's in-built EGC video card. The settings only give you the following options:

And yeah, GA-1280* is there and it works perfectly.. not even needing other drivers! Well. It runs terribly on the PC-9801VX, even with the 486 Upgrade. The shots above were taken with the card installed in my newly-acquired FC-9801K with 486-Overdrive processor and Doom runs nicely!

PlayStation 2 – Linux And VGA

Back in University, our fourth year project was a Billiards game on the PlayStation 2. I still don't know how we wrangled making games as an educational experience, but it was fun nonetheless. We used PS2 Dev Kits that came with a linux distro, mouse and keyboard. There was also a VGA adapter which only worked with sync-on-green monitors and I specifically remember having to make a lot of desk space for the 21" Sony Trinitron. Since I'd been mucking around with the 'fake' HDD adapters for the old PS2s recently, it came to me that I should try install Linux and get VGA-out going... turns out it's not as easy as one might think!

Third-Party HDD Adapters Won't Work

If you've got a SATA adapter by PPH, or something similar, and the ethernet port is covered, or totally missing, then you're out of luck. The Linux distributions I've tried require the Original Sony HDD Adapters (or one of the original clones that HAD ethernet) and will just freeze up and stuggle if you try anything else.

Fortunately, I'd secured one for AU5$ from a Hard-Off somewhere in the bowels of Japan. Currently they're going for AU50$ on eBay AU, or ~AU20$ on Yahoo Auctions Japan.

Free MCBoot As A Bootloader

You'll need Free MCBoot installed on a memory card, unless your PS2 is already physically modded. Some versions of the PS2 work with a simple "DVD" method to install Free MCBoot and you can follow these instructions if your that happens to be the case.

I disregarded the warnings and tried to use the ISO that lined up with my 5000x version, as per the version info:

It threw the expected error...

The alternative method is to make the HDD bootable to, in turn, make the Memory Card bootable. It's all a little chicken-and-egg, but it worked in the end. I downloaded the FHDB installer 1.966 and used the HDD Raw Copy Tool to flash the IMG from the archive over the HDD I indended to use in the PS2.

This disk was connected to my PC via a USB adapter to do so. Note that I was using a blank HDD here... don't use a drive with precious data! Slap the freshly formatted HDD in your PS2 and boot it up. At the same time, copy the guts of this zip file to a folder on a USB key, as we want to run the installer to get the software installed onto a Memory Card. On the PS2, scroll down to uLE/wLE and navigate to MASS and then the folder you used above. Select the installer and hit the circle button.

After it's done, shut the unit down and unplug the HDD. Reboot with just the memory card in to make sure that it works. From here plug the HDD back into your PC and format it with WinHIIP so that it wont try to boot from the HDD again!

Linux Live DVD

You'll find a miriad of Linux Live DVDs here. We'll go with Version 3. You'll then find a huge list of ISOs to choose from. We'll take the PAL Large No Modchip. Download and burn it to a DVD. Whilst that's happening, grab Kernel Loader 3.0 and copy it to a USB drive. We'll need to copy this to the Memory Card...

Disregard the jump to the kloader folder. In fact, disregard that that folder even exists. Just use the R1 shoulder button and paste the kloader file in the root of MC0. Once it's done... insert the DVD and run the loader!

I was joking... don't insert it yet. As you can see above, they've added a DVD video folder with a static image to tell you that the DVD ain't bootable... thanks for the warning! So, boot into Free MC Boot, scroll down to the Loader, open it and, whilst it's opening, put the DVD back in. You can then select the kernel loader from the memory card and go for gold.

We're up, and we can ping! The experience is as slow as molasses from the DVD and sound doesn't work... but let's get installed first.

Installing to the HDD

There's a great tutorial here that I followed to get this done. Download INITRD.GZ, VMLINUX.GZ, ps2fdisk and fstab and send them to a USB Key. Boot into the Linux Live DVD and open xterm.

As above, insert the USB key into the PS2 and mount SDA1 in Linux. Copy ps2fdisk from the SDA1 to a usable folder and partition the disk. Note that you cannot use the already-included ps2fdisk from the Live DVD.. it just wrecks your HDD setup. Meanwhile, since we're using a memory card to bootstrap the HDD, we can wipe the entire HDD and use the lot for our Linux partitions. Just make sure to not try and fill the entire disk with the second partition as you'll get out-of-space errors. Next, mount it and copy everything over. Finally, copy FSTAB from the USB key to the hdd's /etc/ folder. Once all that's done... reboot. It's now time to configure kloader!

Finally, reboot and copy INITRD and VMLINUX to your Memory card.

As above, reset the configuration and then set the Ramdisk, kernel and root partition. Save the configuration the Memory card and boot. Excuse the shitty video quality as my internal HDMI capture card stopped working and I had to switch to a crappy USB HDMI capture device. Also notice how much quicker that boot was when compared to the DVD boot above. And yeah, still no sound. Let's fix that...

Getting Sound Going...

Seems the 'drivers' are IRX files and we can borrow them from game discs. Unfortuantely, the newest versions don't work, so use these files: LIBSD.IRX and SDRDRV.IRX. Copy them to your USB Thumb drive and insert it.

Follow the above steps to copy them to a folder called kloader on MC0.

Next open up kloader and configure the modules. Choose the configuration rows with upper-case file-names, just because. Sound! Network! We're up! But the video quality is awful...

VGA Output

So, officially, the PS2 outputs R+Sync-On-G+B. This means that your monitor needs to understand that the green channel is a combination of video synchronisation and green data. If it doesn't then you won't get a picture. Fortunately, and since this whole topic is already 20 years old, there's numerous people online who have already solved the problem for us: use an LM1881N sync-splitter.

                      LM1881(M or N)
                         ========       
 VGA PIN 13   -----------|1    8|-----  +5v PS2 PIN 10
                         |      |
 VGA PIN  2  --\   0.1uF |      |
 PS2 PIN 12  --+----||---|2    7|    
                         |      |          ____ 680 kOhm Resistor 
                         |      |    /----|____|----\
 VGA PIN 14  ------------|3    6|----|              |-----\
                         |      |    \------||------/     |
 PS2 PIN  8 --+----------|4    5|          0.1uF          |
 VGA PIN  6 --|          ========                         |
 VGA PIN  7 --|                                           |
 VGA PIN  8 --+-------------------------------------------/ (GROUND)

PS2 PIN 11 ------------- VGA PIN 1 (RED)
PS2 PIN  9 ------------- VGA PIN 3 (BLUE)

PS2 PIN  4  -- AUDIO RIGHT                                      PS2 PIN  7  -- SVIDEO CHROMA
PS2 PIN  3  -- AUDIO RIGHT GROUND                               PS2 PIN  5  -- SVIDEO LUMA
PS2 PIN  2  -- AUDIO  LEFT                                      PS2 PIN  8  -- SVIDEO GROUND
PS2 PIN  1  -- AUDIO  LEFT GROUND                       (Share PIN 8 with GROUND in above circuit)

PS2 PIN  6  -- COMPOSITE VIDEO OUTPUT

So, it's all pretty self-explanatory above. The PS2 AV port provides +5v, so I've used that... regardless of everyone saying to use an external source? I've also used a 680kohm resistor as the original 585k was nowhere to be found. Finally, tie all the video grounds together, leaving the audio grounds separate. Also note that PS2 Pin 1 is left-most as you're looking at the PS2.

I built up a crappy prototype and tested it out... haphazardly...

And it worked beautifully! So I mounted it a little more safely in a crappy ziffy box from Jaycar...

And gave it a spin on a real monitor...

And yes, your success may vary. You'll need to configure two variables in the boot loader and if you only configure X and not the console, you'll get the distortion as above.

Oh yeah, to configure VGA output, just press R2 when you're at the kernel boot loader and it'll cycle through the video modes. Then you just need to edit your kernel parameters to include the following: crtmode=vesa0,60 xmode=VESA,1024x768x24. Note that you may have to manually create an xmode config file in /etc/ with the contents VESA,1024x768x24 if X doesn't listen to the command line argument.

Success! I've started productionising the adapter, so tell me if anyone wants one!

Still waiting for a few parts.

What's next?

Of course, after doing all this, I find there's a newer version of Gentoo for the PS2? Learn how to build a bootable USB here. Unfortunately, the newer version doesn't support sound?.

I wonder if I can build OTTD, like I did on the PowerCenter 180.

Sony HitBit HB-F1 II – Power Supply Modifications

Whilst picking this up from a Hard-Off in DenDen Town, Osaka, I was told by the cashier that there was no power supply and that finding one would be a challenge. I wasn't too worried about this as using a 110v power supply in AU is just painful. Secondly, there seemed to be enough information on the internet to rig something together once I'd found time to do so back home.

So yeah, the power supply is a three-pin jack with AC 18v, DC 9v and Ground. This is confirmed on my unit by the voltage ratings inscribed on the base of the unit.

Finding an external supply with these two voltages would be an expensive task, so the better answer was to review the two links above to see what they did to convert. After a quick scan, it seemed that the AC voltage was used to create a -12v rail for the cartridge port and a +12v, which also was only for the cartridge port?. It seems that the MSX itself only needed the 9v DC, which it then also converted to 5v DC to run the entire system. Let's open'er'up! There are six screws under in the base that need removing. The lid will then lift off. The keyboard can then be removed, being gentle with the mylar ribbon cable.

You're then presented with the RF shielding. They've used a plastic-coated foil and it's quite soft! It's held down by screws around the bottom half, so find them all and remove them.

From here, it's the usual Sony-esque work of art. The PCB is so clean and tidy and the layout is precise. All the power paraphenalia is top-left and most of it will be redundant once we're finished with it. We're removing the power socket, so I went ahead and removed the motherboard from the case. There's 3 screws holding this down.

They went out of their way with the PCB graphic layer. They've actually drawn the connecting circuit lines on the underside of the board. There's no need to constantly flip it over if you're trying to trace a connection! There's also amazing information on pins of important ICs... and, for that note... DC sockets?

Seeing this written on the underside of the power plug threw me! Can I just supply the above voltages and get away with it? I won't need a complex supply for AC voltage if this is the case? I wired in the 12v line and, well, nothing came out! Hah. This seems to be a mis-print on the PCB? Those are NOT the voltages required.

So, I could go on about how I tested voltages in random locations and got some things going, whilst others stopped... and vice versa... but I wont, I'll just present the answer for this unit. You'll need a power supply that has +5v, +12v and -12v. Officially, you don't need the latter two if you're just using boring game cartridges. The unit only makes +12v and -12v to send to the cartridge port, and these are only used for "special" carts.. such as RS-232, etc.

Because I'm a perfectionist, I wanted to not 'downgrade' this machine... so I chose a Pico-ATX supply, as it had all the required supply voltages and an easy-to-use DC socket.

I de-soldered the ATX plug as it was just going to consume vital space inside the MSX.

On the MSX board, there's a large horizontal cable marked +/-12v. Desolder this from the left end and solder the appropriate wires to the associated supply voltages on the PicoATX.

Finally, there are two 7805 regulators that need to be removed. There's one that's bolted to the heatsink on the left and I de-soldered the wires from the mainboard. There's another nearby with a tiny heatsink on it that also needs to be removed.

With them both out, just flip the board and solder a wire into each of the OUT pins.

These need to be fed with 5v. I love how, even though the top regulator doesn't have the OUT pin described, that you can follow the traces easily from the IN of the lower regulator. The jumper wire, on the other side of the board, in the top-left of the image is drawn on this side of the board!

Once you've de-soldered the power socket, print out my personally-designed DC socket mount and use it to mount the DC socket to the board.

Finally, de-solder the power switch cable from both ends. Using one side of the power switch (it's DPST), connect one pin to ground and the other to PS_ON on the PicoATX.

Jam the lot back into the case.

When re-assembling, make sure to not screw the latches on the printer port. Try not to slice your fingers as you pinch them together and feed the board into the case.

Don't forget the two screws on the back of the case which hold the RCA socket and DC socket in place. These poor connectors get a lot of punishment. Before totally closing up this machine, I threw all the parts I removed into a zip-lock bag and stuck it under the lid. You never know, someone in the future might want to restore it to original condition?

And then it was done! Test? Of course...

Unfortunately, this unit doesn't have cursor keys! It's only got the gamepad directional arrows, and so I can't even play my favourite game.

Atari 7800 Controller Button Replacement

This Atari 7800 Gamepad came to me with one of the plastic buttons missing. They're held into the shell via two 2x2mm lugs and they must have perished after decades of abuse.

Without waiting around, I popped open the case and measured up the surviving button.

The button has a slight gradient on top, which I'm sure my 3D printer will struggle with...

And underneath there's a small tab to press on the rubber membrane inside the controller. Anyway, straight into Tinkercad I went to design a replacement.

I didn't even bother with the tab on the base... it's all just flat. The rubber membrane in the controller has a flat top anyway.

It printed OK! Could do with a sand, but I didn't have any wet-dry.

Not the prettiest... but it works perfectly! Here's the STL.

Random HDMI Capture Cards

I can't believe I'm calling these cards retro, but they are! They're all early 00s and the drivers are only for Windows XP and Vista? How random... I had no idea there were cheap PCI-E HDMI Capture cards back then. I would not have had any reason for them back then, and hardly do today, but I'd picked them up in a Hard Off somewhere across Japan for 1$ each and thought I should finally test them out.

DRECAP DC-HC1

First up is a DRECAP DC-HC1. It's tiny and came with a low-profile case bracket. I unscrewed the bracket and loosely placed it in my machine, making sure to NOT move the HDMI cable once connected.

Whilst looking for drivers... actually, prior to that, whilst trying to ID the card (there are no valid serial numbers or other identifying marks), I found other cards that also seemed to be identical. I then stumbled across this blog post which indicated that the base card was a Timeleak HD72A and that the drivers could be found here.

With the correct drivers installed, everything worked nicely!

KEIAN DM626 H3

The second card was identified via Yodobashi Camera product listing! How cool. Out of stock! Knowing the product name, I then went googling for drivers. It turns out the original site is long gone and, since their support page had ugly javascript, webarchive can't help to find drivers.

I stumbled across this blog post with great info on installation. It turns out you can use the Monster X3A drivers here for this card. The X3A only has one port, so it seems we'll only use the closest port to the motherboard? ... it actually turned out that any port on the card worked! Unfortunately, sound didn't.

Mucking around with Composite Signals

As that I couldn't get audio from the second card, I went with using the bracket of it on the first card! I wasn't ready to have a loose card hanging around inside my PC's case.

The HDMI port, by total fluke, lined up 98% and cables were securely connected. From there, I purchased this little beast for AU12$ on eBay...

And you know what? It works nicely! Here's a Sega Master System II hooked up. I've got a switch to toggle the PAL/NTSC pin, so when you see (and hear) it switch from PAL 60 to PAL you'll know why!

Nice... No more mucking around with other TVs... I can now use this to continue the long chain of Atari and Sega mods/repairs.

Christmas ’94, Tandy-Style!

This turned up on eBay and I couldn't resist! Recently I'd found stamp books and Australia Philotelic Assoc orders forms, amongst Lego Catalogue order forms (unfulfilled, I must admit!), but nothing from Tandy. I saw this for sale and new it needed to be preserved!

SALE ENDS CHRISTMAS EVE, 1994.

Hey BeBox, My SMB Network Hates You!

Sheesh. After getting the machine up and running, getting it on the network was next-level shite! The BeBox, with BeOS 4.5 PPC, comes with an optional folder and, included in there, is an experimental folder containin an application known as WON. This stands for World 'O Networking (I REALLY blame this use of O' for my apostrophicities in this entire blog as I was introduced to WON back in '99) and is a CIFS implementation. Running the setup app easily installs it, but opening the newly placed World 'O Networking icon on the desktop does nothing but tell me that my CIFS Master Browser didn't exist.

Do excuse the crappy photo...

In this day'n'age, there's no #@%#$%'n reason for a CIFS browser to exist on anyone's network. We have random french-named services to say 'hello' to eachother and list eachother in eachother's network lists. There's no need for this (now inappropriate) client/server (master/slave) relationship. Of course, should we expect BeOS 4.5 PPC to be up with the times? No. So? Let's just try the cifsmount call from the command line.

$cifsmount \\\\192.168.1.61\\public [user] [password] ./testMountFolder
General OS Error -1

General OS error? Awful. Fortunately, my NAS can log the snot out of Samba, so I turned on verbosity. Whenever BeOS tried to access the share, the following was visible:

[2022/12/19 14:37:58.602852,  2, pid=6552, effective(0, 0), real(0, 0)] ../../source3/smbd/reply.c:708(reply_special)                                                                                                                                                     
  netbios connect: name1=AS6604T-BDE6   0x20 name2=BEBOX          0x0                                                                                                                                                                                                     
[2022/12/19 14:37:58.603018,  2, pid=6552, effective(0, 0), real(0, 0)] ../../source3/smbd/reply.c:749(reply_special)                                                                                                                                                     
  netbios connect: local=as6604t-bde6 remote=bebox, name type = 0                                                                                                                                                                                                         
[2022/12/19 14:37:58.613129,  0, pid=6552, effective(0, 0), real(0, 0)] ../../source3/smbd/negprot.c:600(reply_negprot)                                                                                                                                                   
  negprot protocols not 0-terminated

Nice! It actually says BEBOX!. Somehow, samba does nothing after that line. It doesn't say "ERROR"... but it also doesn't continue? Checking the code...

	if (req->inbuf[size-1] != '\0') {
		DEBUG(0, ("negprot protocols not 0-terminated\n"));
		reply_nterror(req, NT_STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER);
		END_PROFILE(SMBnegprot);
		return;
	}

Oh yup. That's a hard-stop. It seems that the CIFS implementation on BeOS hasn't null-terminated a string as it sent it to Samba. We'll need to build the code and rip this out, or rollback to an older version. SMB is running as a package on my NAS and ... I assume there's source somewhere, but every time I've SSH'd into that console the tools I need don't exist, so let's virtualise this shit.

Samba Proxies or Virtual Box?

We have two options here. Spin up a RedHat Linux (~7.0) version and just start Samba on that (it works, I tried it!) or spin up a possibly awesome docker image and "re-share" our existing security-conscious shares. Yes, I got the VM going, but I wasn't happy with an entire VM running endlessly for no reason when my retro machines were off. I also hated the need to cleanly bring-up and shut-down the machine, not to mention the speed of interaction.

So, I went for a Docker image. I'm running an Asustor Lockerstor AS6600T which has a neatly packaged version of Docker and Portainer running. It's currently doing all sorts of things and adding a samba container wasn't going to hurt. The only real consideration was that, even though I was using a macvlan to get real IPs for my containers, I still had not successfully managed to get the NAS to talk directly into the hosted docker containers. I was initially surprised by this, but it turns out that's by-design... docker images aren't 'allowed' to see the metal they're hosted on. Although there's articles mentioning how to fix this (and a slightly different one here), I couldn't get it to work. Therefore, a 'samba proxy' wont actually work... as it needs to be able to SMB mount the host's share(s) and share those forward via it's own SMB server.

Fortunately, we don't have to fret yet. It occurred to me that I can simply mount the host's drives in the docker image and use David Personette's Samba Server container to share those! There's no need to actually proxy anything.

Samba Versions

This negprot 0-termination check has been in Samba since r24001, which was around 15 years ago, which equates to something around Samba 3.1. Docker can run older Linux versions, but only until around 8 years ago. Centos 5 might work, but you'll be hard-pressed finding functional package repos once it's installed. Alpine Linux is the way to go, but there's only docker images going back to 3.1, which doesn't line up with Samba 3.1! If we can't use a version of Samba (in Docker, anyway) that doesn't include the check, then maybe we can remove the check from a newer version? We just need to make sure the newer version supports SMB v1.0 (LANMAN, CIFS, etc..) and it turns out support for these older protocols was removed in version 4.11+.

As that David's container is build on the latest Alpine, it includes Samba 4.18 and this is obviously too new. It turns out that the last version of Samba before 4.11 is v4.18.10 and it's conveniently included in Alpine v3.10. Thanks for Docker's customisable recipes, we can modify David's Dockerfile, adjusting the top line to peg the Alpine base image version to this. Finally, we also need to make sure that the install scripts don't get Samba from the base Alpine 3.10 repo as we actually want to custom-build the APKs and carve out the zero-termination check.

I was initially going to download the source of Samba and try to build/install it myself in a new docker container... but I realised that it would be a tonne of extra work as there's probably distro-specific guff that needs to be configured/carried-out. So instead, as above, I chose to roll my own APK using the APK recipe from the Alpine repo.

Adding a package to Alpine Linux to make Docker better again

If you want to actually build the APK yourself, then here's a basic run-through. I've taken the package recipe from the alpine packages store and made a few changes. You'll find them here. Mainly just a sed script to hack out the 0-termination check.

If you don't want to bother compiling your own APK with this modification, then you can just download the already-compiled APK here. The only reason you'd want to do the next chunk yourself is if you don't trust my hard work. I wont be offended if that's the case.

I started by spinning up a new docker container...

sudo docker run --name apk-builder -v /volume1/Public:/public-share  -it alpine:3.10

Note that I've mapped a local drive. You'll want to do this as otherwise you'll have to work out a better way to get the compiled APKs out. Once up, you'll be already at the console and you can get started...

apk add --update alpine-sdk wget nano sudo
adduser builder

At this point you'll need to give builder a good password. Once done, continue to set up the APK build environment. Note that the sed line injects the rule to sudoers for the user builder at line 80. If you're doing this on a tainted Docker container (not the fresh one I just built) then you might want to be wary as to which line you insert on.

sed -i "80i builder ALL=(ALL) ALL" /etc/sudoers
sudo -lU builder
addgroup builder abuild
mkdir -p /var/cache/distfiles
chmod a+w /var/cache/distfiles
chgrp abuild /var/cache/distfiles
chmod g+w /var/cache/distfiles

We've done all we need to as root, so switch to builder:

su builder

And then generate your signing keys which'll be used when compressing the APK...

abuild-keygen -a -i

You'll need to type in builder's password for the key storage. Finally, go into the dir and download the APKBUILD files from my server. Please do check out the files downloaded... specifically APKBUILD! The hack to remove the 0-term if statement is already contained inside. It's simply a sed line requesting the deletion of lines 599-605 in negprot.c.

cd /tmp
wget https://modelrail.otenko.com/assets/samba-negprot-hack/samba.zip
unzip samba.zip

Finally, kick it off. Go grab a coffee.

abuild -r

The build takes around 20 minutes on my quad core i3 NAS. The build is nice as it tells you the progress via the files-completed numbers at the start of each line.

...
[3287/5138] Linking bin/default/source3/libads-samba4.inst.so
[3288/5138] Linking bin/default/source3/libsmbd-conn-samba4.inst.so
[3289/5138] Linking bin/default/source3/libsmbd-base-samba4.inst.so
[3290/5138] Linking bin/default/source3/libprinting-migrate-samba4.inst.so
[3292/5138] Linking bin/default/source3/libnet-keytab-samba4.inst.so
[3294/5138] Linking bin/default/source3/libtrusts-util-samba4.inst.so
[3295/5138] Linking bin/default/source3/libsamba3-util-samba4.inst.so
[3297/5138] Linking bin/default/source3/libxattr-tdb-samba4.inst.so
[3299/5138] Linking bin/default/source3/libCHARSET3-samba4.inst.so
[3301/5138] Linking bin/default/source3/liblibcli-lsa3-samba4.inst.so
[3303/5138] Linking bin/default/source3/liblibcli-netlogon3-samba4.inst.so
[3306/5138] Linking bin/default/source3/libcli-spoolss-samba4.inst.so
[3308/5138] Linking bin/default/source3/pysmbd.inst.cpython-37m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
[3310/5138] Linking bin/default/source3/pylibsmb.inst.cpython-37m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
[3312/5138] Linking bin/default/source3/auth/libauth-samba4.inst.so
[3313/5138] Linking bin/default/source3/auth/libauth_module_unix.inst.so
[3316/5138] Linking bin/default/source3/auth/libauth_module_script.inst.so
[3318/5138] Linking bin/default/source3/auth/libauth_module_samba4.inst.so
[3320/5138] Linking bin/default/source3/modules/libnon-posix-acls-samba4.inst.so
[3323/5138] Linking bin/default/source3/modules/libvfs_module_audit.inst.so
[3325/5138] Linking bin/default/source3/modules/libvfs_module_extd_audit.inst.so
[3327/5138] Linking bin/default/source3/modules/libvfs_module_full_audit.inst.so
[3329/5138] Linking bin/default/source3/modules/libvfs_module_fake_perms.inst.so
[3331/5138] Linking bin/default/source3/modules/libvfs_module_recycle.inst.so
[3333/5138] Linking bin/default/source3/modules/libvfs_module_netatalk.inst.so
[3335/5138] Linking bin/default/source3/modules/libvfs_module_fruit.inst.so
[3337/5138] Linking bin/default/source3/modules/libvfs_module_default_quota.inst.so
[3339/5138] Linking bin/default/source3/modules/libvfs_module_readonly.inst.so
...
(93/105) Purging tevent (0.9.39-r0)
(94/105) Purging talloc (2.2.0-r0)
(95/105) Purging tdb-libs (1.3.18-r0)
(96/105) Purging libbz2 (1.0.6-r7)
(97/105) Purging gdbm (1.13-r1)
(98/105) Purging xz-libs (5.2.4-r0)
(99/105) Purging readline (8.0.0-r0)
(100/105) Purging sqlite-libs (3.28.0-r3)
(101/105) Purging lz4-libs (1.9.1-r1)
(102/105) Purging keyutils-libs (1.6-r1)
(103/105) Purging libverto (0.3.1-r0)
(104/105) Purging libsasl (2.1.27-r4)
(105/105) Purging db (5.3.28-r1)
Executing busybox-1.30.1-r5.trigger
OK: 184 MiB in 56 packages
>>> samba: Updating the /x86_64 repository index...
>>> samba: Signing the index...

Once built, you'll end up with a bunch of APKs in /home/builder/packages.

~/packages/x86_64 $ ls
APKINDEX.tar.gz                            samba-dev-4.10.18-r0.apk
libsmbclient-4.10.18-r0.apk                samba-doc-4.10.18-r0.apk
libwbclient-4.10.18-r0.apk                 samba-heimdal-libs-4.10.18-r0.apk
pam-winbind-4.10.18-r0.apk                 samba-libnss-winbind-4.10.18-r0.apk
py3-samba-4.10.18-r0.apk                   samba-libs-4.10.18-r0.apk
samba-4.10.18-r0.apk                       samba-libs-py3-4.10.18-r0.apk
samba-client-4.10.18-r0.apk                samba-pidl-4.10.18-r0.apk
samba-client-libs-4.10.18-r0.apk           samba-server-4.10.18-r0.apk
samba-common-4.10.18-r0.apk                samba-server-libs-4.10.18-r0.apk
samba-common-libs-4.10.18-r0.apk           samba-server-openrc-4.10.18-r0.apk
samba-common-server-libs-4.10.18-r0.apk    samba-test-4.10.18-r0.apk
samba-common-tools-4.10.18-r0.apk          samba-winbind-4.10.18-r0.apk
samba-dc-4.10.18-r0.apk                    samba-winbind-clients-4.10.18-r0.apk
samba-dc-libs-4.10.18-r0.apk               samba-winbind-krb5-locator-4.10.18-r0.apk

Copy these all somewhere to your local drive, as we'll need to use them for the Docker container creation. If you are rolling this yourself, then your Dockerfile/docker-compose.yaml will need to map a local volume to the folder where all of these files are. If you're not rolling them yourself, then use the zip that's in this Dockerfile.

The container script uses David's as a base, but sets Alpine to 3.10 and uses Samba from my APKs. It also does a lot of mucking around with smb.conf. Prior to that configuration mucking around, BeOS would get past the negprot issue only to bring up another error:

Allowed connection from 192.168.1.131 (192.168.1.131)
init_oplocks: initializing messages.
Transaction 0 of length 72 (0 toread)
netbios connect: name1=192.168.1.46   0x20 name2=               0x0
netbios connect: local=192.168.1.46 remote=, name type = 0
Transaction 0 of length 51 (0 toread)
switch message SMBnegprot (pid 1071) conn 0x0
Requested protocol [NT LM 0.12]
reply_negprot: No protocol supported !
Server exit (no protocol supported)

Seems that NT LM 0.12 is NT LAN Manager 2.1, or somesuch. I'd thought about digging back into negprot.c and checking the reply_negprot function, but a quick google lead to something very obvious... configuration!

SERVER MIN PROTOCOL

As always, someone has already faced this issue and it seems that all they had to do was set the 'lowest' protocol that the server would accept, via a setting? David's smb.conf had a default minimum of SMB2_10, which seems to mean that we only supported Windows 7 and above? Wowzers. For those not clicking links, here's the protocol limitation options:

Option	Description
LANMAN1	First modern version of the protocol. Long filename support.
LANMAN2	Updates to Lanman1 protocol.
NT1	Current up to date version of the protocol. Used by Windows NT. Known as CIFS.
SMB2	Re-implementation of the SMB protocol. Used by Windows Vista and later versions of Windows. SMB2 has sub protocols available.
SMB2_02	The earliest SMB2 version. (Windows Vista and higher)
SMB2_10	Windows 7 SMB2 version.
SMB2	By default selects the SMB2_10 variant.
SMB3	The same as SMB2. Used by Windows 8. SMB3 has sub protocols available.
SMB3_00	Windows 8 SMB3 version.
SMB3_02	Windows 8.1 SMB3 version.
SMB3_11	Windows 10 SMB3 version.

There's actually a really cool piece of code explaining all this in the negprot.c source file:

/* these are the protocol lists used for auto architecture detection:

WinNT 3.51:
protocol [PC NETWORK PROGRAM 1.0]
protocol [XENIX CORE]
protocol [MICROSOFT NETWORKS 1.03]
protocol [LANMAN1.0]
protocol [Windows for Workgroups 3.1a]
protocol [LM1.2X002]
protocol [LANMAN2.1]
protocol [NT LM 0.12]

Win95:
protocol [PC NETWORK PROGRAM 1.0]
protocol [XENIX CORE]
protocol [MICROSOFT NETWORKS 1.03]
protocol [LANMAN1.0]
protocol [Windows for Workgroups 3.1a]
protocol [LM1.2X002]
protocol [LANMAN2.1]
protocol [NT LM 0.12]

Win2K:
protocol [PC NETWORK PROGRAM 1.0]
protocol [LANMAN1.0]
protocol [Windows for Workgroups 3.1a]
protocol [LM1.2X002]
protocol [LANMAN2.1]
protocol [NT LM 0.12]

Vista:
protocol [PC NETWORK PROGRAM 1.0]
protocol [LANMAN1.0]
protocol [Windows for Workgroups 3.1a]
protocol [LM1.2X002]
protocol [LANMAN2.1]
protocol [NT LM 0.12]
protocol [SMB 2.001]

OS/2:
protocol [PC NETWORK PROGRAM 1.0]
protocol [XENIX CORE]
protocol [LANMAN1.0]
protocol [LM1.2X002]
protocol [LANMAN2.1]

OSX:
protocol [NT LM 0.12]
protocol [SMB 2.002]
protocol [SMB 2.???]
*/

/*
  * Modified to recognize the architecture of the remote machine better.
  *
  * This appears to be the matrix of which protocol is used by which
  * product.
       Protocol                       WfWg Win95 WinNT Win2K OS/2 Vista OSX
       PC NETWORK PROGRAM 1.0          1     1     1     1     1    1
       XENIX CORE                                  2           2
       MICROSOFT NETWORKS 3.0          2     2
       DOS LM1.2X002                   3     3
       MICROSOFT NETWORKS 1.03                     3
       DOS LANMAN2.1                   4     4
       LANMAN1.0                                   4     2     3    2
       Windows for Workgroups 3.1a     5     5     5     3          3
       LM1.2X002                                   6     4     4    4
       LANMAN2.1                                   7     5     5    5
       NT LM 0.12                            6     8     6     6    6    1
       SMB 2.001                                                    7
       SMB 2.002                                                         2
       SMB 2.???                                                         3
  *
  *  tim@fsg.com 09/29/95
  *  Win2K added by matty 17/7/99
  */

#define PROT_PC_NETWORK_PROGRAM_1_0		0x0001
#define PROT_XENIX_CORE				0x0002
#define PROT_MICROSOFT_NETWORKS_3_0		0x0004
#define PROT_DOS_LM1_2X002			0x0008
#define PROT_MICROSOFT_NETWORKS_1_03		0x0010
#define PROT_DOS_LANMAN2_1			0x0020
#define PROT_LANMAN1_0				0x0040
#define PROT_WFWG				0x0080
#define PROT_LM1_2X002				0x0100
#define PROT_LANMAN2_1				0x0200
#define PROT_NT_LM_0_12				0x0400
#define PROT_SMB_2_001				0x0800
#define PROT_SMB_2_002				0x1000
#define PROT_SMB_2_FF				0x2000
#define PROT_SAMBA				0x4000
#define PROT_POSIX_2				0x8000

#define ARCH_WFWG     ( PROT_PC_NETWORK_PROGRAM_1_0 | PROT_MICROSOFT_NETWORKS_3_0 | \
			PROT_DOS_LM1_2X002 | PROT_DOS_LANMAN2_1 | PROT_WFWG )
#define ARCH_WIN95    ( ARCH_WFWG | PROT_NT_LM_0_12 )
#define ARCH_WINNT    ( PROT_PC_NETWORK_PROGRAM_1_0 | PROT_XENIX_CORE | \
			PROT_MICROSOFT_NETWORKS_1_03 | PROT_LANMAN1_0 | PROT_WFWG | \
			PROT_LM1_2X002 | PROT_LANMAN2_1 | PROT_NT_LM_0_12 )
#define ARCH_WIN2K    ( ARCH_WINNT & ~(PROT_XENIX_CORE | PROT_MICROSOFT_NETWORKS_1_03) )
#define ARCH_OS2      ( ARCH_WINNT & ~(PROT_MICROSOFT_NETWORKS_1_03 | PROT_WFWG) )
#define ARCH_VISTA    ( ARCH_WIN2K | PROT_SMB_2_001 )
#define ARCH_SAMBA    ( PROT_SAMBA )
#define ARCH_CIFSFS   ( PROT_POSIX_2 )
#define ARCH_OSX      ( PROT_NT_LM_0_12 | PROT_SMB_2_002 | PROT_SMB_2_FF )

/* List of supported protocols, most desired first */
static const struct {
	const char *proto_name;
	const char *short_name;
	NTSTATUS (*proto_reply_fn)(struct smb_request *req, uint16_t choice);
	int protocol_level;
} supported_protocols[] = {
	{"SMB 2.???",               "SMB2_FF",  reply_smb20ff,  PROTOCOL_SMB2_10},
	{"SMB 2.002",               "SMB2_02",  reply_smb2002,  PROTOCOL_SMB2_02},
	{"NT LANMAN 1.0",           "NT1",      reply_nt1,      PROTOCOL_NT1},
	{"NT LM 0.12",              "NT1",      reply_nt1,      PROTOCOL_NT1},
	{"POSIX 2",                 "NT1",      reply_nt1,      PROTOCOL_NT1},
	{"LANMAN2.1",               "LANMAN2",  reply_lanman2,  PROTOCOL_LANMAN2},
	{"LM1.2X002",               "LANMAN2",  reply_lanman2,  PROTOCOL_LANMAN2},
	{"Samba",                   "LANMAN2",  reply_lanman2,  PROTOCOL_LANMAN2},
	{"DOS LM1.2X002",           "LANMAN2",  reply_lanman2,  PROTOCOL_LANMAN2},
	{"LANMAN1.0",               "LANMAN1",  reply_lanman1,  PROTOCOL_LANMAN1},
	{"MICROSOFT NETWORKS 3.0",  "LANMAN1",  reply_lanman1,  PROTOCOL_LANMAN1},
	{NULL,NULL,NULL,0},
};

So, is it just as-simple-as setting the lowest bloody value and rebooting? I edited the Dockerfile and updated the injected smb.conf configuration:

    echo '   # Security' >>$file && \
    echo '   client ipc max protocol = SMB3' >>$file && \
    echo '   client ipc min protocol = LANMAN1' >>$file && \
    echo '   client max protocol = SMB3' >>$file && \
    echo '   client min protocol = LANMAN1' >>$file && \
    echo '   server max protocol = SMB3' >>$file && \
    echo '   server min protocol = LANMAN1' >>$file && \

And it worked! Finally! BeOS has connected to my NAS with a reasonably-recent version of linux and Samba! Sure, commenting out the zero-termination might reinstate a bug that can be exploited, but this service will never be public. Meanwhile, World 'O Networking still hated me... but that's OK, at least I can now transfer files!

Giving Docker a Hostname

As you can see above, all interactions with the new samba docker server are via IP. It turns out that the --hostname field that you configure in Docker only applies internally to the docker container. It's not exported! Googlin' around, I found a great stack overflow article describing the same issue, with many "can't do that" responses.

It's not until you scroll a few answers down that you'll see a --net-alias flag that seems to do want I want. Just a note, it's --alias if you're using docker network connect and --net-alias when using docker compose. I added the required configuration to the Dockerfile and spun up a new instance.

services:
  samba-bridge:
    networks:
      mynet:
         ipv4_address: 192.168.1.46
         aliases:old-samba-bridge
networks:
  mynet:
    external: true

mynet has been set up using the instructions over here, which were pertinent to getting PiHole running in an adjacent Docker container. The rest of the configuration was borrowed from here.

I honestly hoped this would get Samba showing up on the local LAN with a hostname, but no such luck! I wonder if the docker network is preventing promiscuous traffic or somesuch... Maybe I'll spin this up on a physical machine on the network just to rule a few things out.

But what about that CIFS Browser error?

Oh yeah, I would still love WON to actually list my computers... can I do it? It seems that you can configure Samba to be a CIFS Server with a single local master = yes in the configuration file. Unfortuantely this didn't work... neither did wins support = yes. I'll have to keep fighting to get my WORKGROUP listed.

PC-98 – 110-Pin CenterCOM ME1500 Ethernet Adapter

This gets a special mention after getting the PCMCIA slot working on this machine. Since my NS/A only has one PCMCIA slot, it's nice to be able to have ethernet on the 110-pin port and SCSI in the PCMCIA. Or vice-versa!

What I can't believe is that Allied Telesis still has a FULL list of drivers for all of their archaic hardware. Thank you Allied Telesis, from the entire retro community! Just in case that site does go down, the drivers for this device are over here for safe-keeping.

Once downloaded, just make it available to the MS LAN Manager setup interface. Clear your current configuration and then choose to add an unlisted driver...

Yet again, set up TCP/IP with DHCP as the default...

And Bob's your uncle! Transmission!

The bloody thing worked perfectly and now I have my single PCMCIA slot free for SCSI. Actually, it'd be nice if they made the rear 110-pin port daisy-chain-able. All of these devices should have the matching rear socket to add more devices... just like the C-Bus slots.

PC-98 – PC-9801NS/A PCMCIA Network

It's done. I did it. I managed to wrangle a set of disks via Yahoo Auctions Japan and succeeded. It seems the winner of the previous auction didn't want these disks as well... which is good for us all!

Look at that floppy disk. Isn't it the most awesome disk you've ever seen in your life? It cost AU$50. Fifty-#$%#$-bucks for a floppy disk. If you add the previously bought floppy (that had been overwritten!), then this total adventure cost over AU$100. Anyway, the outcome is that anyone can now get PCMCIA running on their NS/A, NL/R, NX/C or Ne!

The file on the disk happened to be SSDRV.SYS, not SSMECIA.SYS as I'd been expecting. It turns out that SSDRV.SYS comes in two flavours: a ~5kb version for PCMCIA 2.0 and a ~6.34kb sized version for PCMCIA 2.1+. As that I scored the actual PC Card Support Software disk for this specific laptop, it all just installed fine.

Firstly, a copy was made of the disk, with the original being stored away safely.

Of course, this copy is now available to the world! As it should be! Note that this is a 1.2mb Disk Image and that you'll need to format the floppy as 1.2mb prior to imaging or copying the data over. RawWrite for windows worked fine once I re-formatted a floppy disk from 1.44mb to 1.2mb under DOS in the NS/A.

PC Card Support Software

Slap in the disk, type SETUP.EXE and hit enter. You'll be presented with the main menu, as per the middle shot below.

From the menu, the top item is the installation source, secondly the install destination and the highlighted row is "Let's do this!". Go down to that option and smack enter, as the defaults should be correct.

In that second-last shot you can see the CONFIG.SYS listing where the installer has added three lines to the bottom. The first two are legit and the last is the Memory Card (i.e. flash storage) driver... which we don't need.

Network Hardware

I initially tried a RATOC R280, but it seems that it needs PCMCIA 2.1. Instead I reverted to my NEC PC-9801N-J02R, as I'd read somewhere that it was compatible with the NS/A.

As mentioned in the fine-print under the lovely graphic on the card, it's also known as a B4680 "Interface Card T", so remember this when installing the next software product. The drivers for this card are useless without host software to use them, so we need to choose something that can use this card!

MS Lan Manager + Network Drivers

How do I get network sharing going? It turns out that Windows for Workgroups was never released for the PC-98? I could go up to Windows 95 again, or go backwards to MS LAN Manager for PC-98. Lettuce do the latter and get some files transferring!

Not much to discuss yet. First screen is an introduction and the second tells you how to use the menus. Basically that the bottom-left button is OK and the one next to it is Back. Use TAB to switch between and ENTER to confirm selections. The next screen firstly defines the installation source and then the target installation directory. After that, you get the choice between installing the "Enhanced" or "BASIC" version of MS LAN Manager. I chose the defaults (the top option, "Enhanced") and continued.

Per disk, you get cute little countdowns instead of progress bars. It's telling you the amount of files it still needs to copy. Once it gets to zero it'll ask for the next disk:

It also asks where the next disk is, so I assume you can dump all of the files into one folder on A:\ (that's your HDD, stop thinking about C:\) and just do a super-quick install. Instead, I wrote out the six disks and inserted Disk #2.

It asked for disk #3: Drivers... and blew up.

And kept blowing up... and then threw me back to the DOS prompt. Ok, I failed to write #3 correctly! I found a substitute, re-wrote it and kept going. Cool! Driver selection!

Remember how I told you to remember the 'secondary' name of the PCMCIA LAN card? That's what we need to go by here. It's the 5th or 6th option... depending on which version of NDIS you wish to use? I chose v1.0. But now that I look at it, is it actually the version of the PCMCIA card? My card doesn't have a version on it, assumingly it's v1.0 then as they didn't think to put a version on the first if it was only meant to be a single version?! (Spoiler, it still worked...)

Ok ok, that says RATOC R280. Disregard and pretend it sayd B4680. I tried the RATOC card first and it vomited when trying to initialise it. I then switched to the NEC card. Either way, the middle shot lets you select the protocols. Use TCP/IP, unless you have other specific purposes to use other protocols. Make sure the DHCP box is checked and let it install!

Next up, set your Computer Name, Username and Domain/Workgroup name respectively. Then choose if Windows or DOS will be controlling the LAN Manager? Or does it say something else. I went with defaults. It then asks where Windows is... and I gave it the appropriate response.

Finally, there's something about message popups... I left it as default, and then hit "Let's do this" on the "we're gonna make changes now" middle screenshot. Finally it confirms that everything has been done! Let's save, quit and reboot.

We're in DOS, I connected the cable, we booted and it looks happy?

IPCONFIG works and it's displaying a correctly-assigned DHCP address! Can we ping?

We can! I .. what .. it works?!

Browsing the Neighbourhood

There's a NET command in MS LAN Manager for DOS that lets you browse the network and map shares. I can't say I had much luck with it, but I tried anyway.

When you first run NET, you'll be presented with a small configuration dialog. It asks for your Username, Password and Domain/Workgroup. I entered the required values and then hit enter, which dismissed the dialog. I then got a few warnings that the domain didn't respond and that things probably wont work properly... or that's what I think they said.

A short while two computers appeared in the main list!

The first is "Local" and the second is my W98 PC. I created a 'free for all' share on Windows 98 and then tried to hit 'enter' on the machine in the list after selecting it. Nothing really happened. Going to the view menu and choosing the first option popped up a dialog with the share I'd created!

Hitting enter on the share didn't work...

Something about a remote name? Oh well... I have a plan!

Speaking the correct version of SMB

So, SMB is the windows network share standard and it's come a long way. We're up to encrypting everything, from being able to have zero-password free access, way back in the day. The issue here is that the old LANMAN client speaks zero encryption and my NAS doesn't want to even consider talking to it. Windows 98 is even scoffing at it!

Errors are "share not found" or "access denied". Pretty much expected... so what to do? I cheated with the BeBox in the past.. and I now realise I never made a post on how I got network shares going. Oh well, now is a better time than ever. I did something really dodgy and loaded up RedHat 7.2 (not RHEL!) to create a kind-of SAMBA proxy. I'm sure that you could get Docker to do this, but setting up a VM was just as fun!

The goal was simple: a VirtualBox VM with RedHat 7.2 installed which could SMB to the NAS and then share that folder forward with all the encryption disabled. Sure, dangerous as hell, but it's all only accessible on the local network.

With the machine set up, it even showed up on the LANMAN net browser!

I got a weird NET2123 (API out of buffer space) error when trying to list the shares, so I just went and mapped it to Z: manually in DOS.

Woah... it worked... Oh, the actual use command scrolled off the screen... it was net use Z: \\redhat-oldie\public

It even shows up with a cute network icon in File Manager!

Sony Electronic Book Player DD-S35

Found this in a Hard-Off in Shikoku, somewhere. Maybe Niihama? The Hard-Off is actually in the basement of a hardware store. It was great to rummage around, as I also found a boxed PC-98 game, or two!

To no surprise, others have toyed with these machines before, so I knew I was in with a chance to get something going on it. Fortunately it spun straight up with 2 AA batteries.

It also came with an original disc...

Turns out these are 8cm Mini-CDs. I had thought they were minidisc, or magneto-optical. As you can see above, I managed to find some on eBay. But testing the original disc anyway:

So yeah, that dictionary is pretty boring... Let's make some other CDs? Finding Mini-CDs wasn't easy...

They sit nicely in tray-loading drives... DON'T try and use them in slot-loaders!

And then we need to find images! Japanese Wikipedia has a great list of formats for ebooks that this sytem should be able to use. Searching for EBXA on web.archive. Turns out there's quite a lot. Do you want Passport's World Travel Translator (Version 2.0)?, English Teacher? or how about Five Star Stories, The - Chronicle 3 (Japan)? We could even possibly make our own.

Burn any of the images (Use PowerISO if you can't open the BIN/CUE with anything else) and pop them in the caddy. You'll need a sharp tool to press in the tab in the 'open' hole on the side. For an old unit, the plastic is still in great condition.

Different boot screen... must be working?

Choose your own adventure! I do note it's pretty clunky. But you can select chapters and read... really just as if it was a physical book.

You can even just browse through the graphics.

Seems that Sega saturn had a reader. Even the Mega Drive! Many have fallen down the rabbit hole. Find more info here in this great video. And more images here in EBG format.

I'm not going to. This unit has already changed hands via eBay!